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General characteristics of the Basinof Nerodime River
Ilir Abdullahu

Water in the nature, either surface or underground water (flow or stagnant) represent an important element of the nature basis; they determine not only the appearance of a province, but also the value of every territory. Kosovo has a hydrographic...

Risk factor associated with gallbladder malignancy in north india: A prospective study
Arpit Bansal, Ashwani Kumar Bansal, Vandana Bansal and Ajay Kumar

Introduction: Carcinoma of the gallbladder is the most common malignancy of the biliary tract and the third most common gastrointestinal malignancy in and around the Northern region of India. Owing to its nonspecific symptoms, gallbladder...

Biogenic synthesis of zinc Nanoparticle from ethanol extract of bitter gourd and evaluation of its in-vitro antioxidant efficacy
Flora-Glad Chizoba Ekezie, Jessie Suneetha, W., Uma Maheswari, K. and Prasad, T.N.V.K. V.

Recently, antioxidants and secondary metabolites have attracted a great deal of attention for their effect in preventing disease due to oxidative stress, which leads to degeneration of cell membranes and many pathological diseases. Momordica...

Cognitive styles of high school biological science teachers
Srinivas Kumar, D. and Gangadhar Naik, S.

The present investigation is directed at profiling of the cognitive styles of high school Biological Science teachers. It is based on data collected from 70 high school Biological Science teachers working in Kuppam and Gudupalli mandals of...

Open-circuit fault diagnosis in back-to-back converters of PMSG drives for wind turbine systems
Sandhiya vinayagam, Manonmani, N.

In order to increase the reliability and availability of wind turbines, condition monitoring and fault diagnosis are considered crucial means to achieve these goals. In this context, wind turbines based on permanent-magnet synchronous generators...

Comparative evaluation of speciation and zoogeographical distribution for Lamellodiscus (Monogenea: Diplectanidae) using 18s rRNA
Fozail Ahmad, Singh, D. and Arya, P. V.

Zoogeographic distribution may present evolutionary cues for diversity and speciation. Evaluation of zoogeographical distribution together with molecular clues could insight into evolutionary history including probable origin as well. Genus ...

Integral solutions of the sextic equation with three unknowns (4k-1)(x^2+y^2 )-(4k-2)xy=4(4k-1)z^6
Vidhyalakshmi, S. Kavitha, A. and Gopalan, M.A.

The sextic non-homogeneous equation with four unknowns represented by the Diophantine equation is(4k-1)(x^2+y^2 )-(4k-2)xy=4(4k-1)z^6 analyzed for its patterns of non-zero distinct integral solutions are illustrated. Various interesting relations...

Habitat fragmentation lending to loss of gene flow from source of population of tiger (panthera tigris), a study of corbett reference to corridor, Ramnagar, India
Sanjeev Kumar

Fragmentation of habitat depicts the negative impact on any habitat and directly or indirectly affects the habit. Whenever ecological requirement of tiger will disturb than other vital need will also suppressed by various means. Ecologically...

Amylase production from Gastrimargus musicus cells in culture and immobilized state
Prashant Shukla, Riya Rahangdale, Ajay Singh and Shobha Gawri

A low cost insect cell culture medium is developed without use of serum or costly chemicals. Cells were cultured in three variations of the basal medium i.e. with sucrose only, with creatine only and with both sucrose and creatine along with...

Isolation, identification and screening of cellulose degrading microfungi from decomposed E.Crassipes
Tirthesh Kumar Sharma and Ramendra Singh

Water Hyacinth (Echhornia crassipes) is the most important weeds. This study aimed to determine the species of microfungi which were grown in soil and degraded cellulose present in E. Crassipes. Different types of fungi were...

Mineral trioxide aggregate- a wonder cure”: clinical applications in pediatric dentistry
Dr. Meenakshi Bodh, Dr. Ritu Namdev, Dr. Mitali Jain and Dr. Samir Dutta

Background: An ideal endodontic repair material is the one that not only seal the pathways of communication between the root canal system and its surrounding tissues but in addition, should be nontoxic, noncarcinogenic, nongenotoxic,...

Phytochemical analysis and gc-ms study of dioscorea (yam) in Wayanad District-Kerala state
Abdussalam, A.K. Jathina M. Jamsheena, K. and Ratheesh Chandra, P.

The present study deals with the identification, documentation, ethno-botanical exploration and Phytochemical analysis of Dioscorea species with respect to food value of wild edible plants from Northern parts of Kerala. Dioscorea...

Dual band square shaped slotted patch antenna for wearable applications
Muthu Krishnan, R. and Dr. Tamil Selvi, S.

Design of square patch antenna for wearable applications operating in GPS (1575 MHZ) and 3G (2100 MHZ) bands is presented .The proposed square patch antenna have circular ring slot in center of patch and two horizontal slits in the edge of patch...

MPV (Mean platelet volume) is a negative acute phase reactant in inflammatory dermatophyte infection (Kerion celsi)
Gunseli Sefika Pancar and Pervin Ozlem Balcı

Kerion celsi is an inflammatory form of tinea capitis. It is a kind of id reaction due to immunologic reaction to circulate antibodies or activate T lymphocytes that are directed against dermatophytes. In kerion celsi early diagnosis is important...

The combination of swirl combustors with furnaces
Dr. Mohammed Hamza Abdulsada AL-Hashimi

Swirl combustors are commonly used to produce high strength flames for industrial applications like the gas turbine. The swirl generates a central region of reverse flow to efficiently stabilize the flame. The high levels of turbulence and the...

Changing clinical profile of kala-azar in children patient: a hospital based study
Ghazi Sharique Ahmad, Kanika Manali, Akhilanand Thakur and Md Haider Ali

Aim: Study to evaluate the clinical Profile, atypical presentation, the drugs in its treatment and to follow up the cases with atypical presentation of children patient with Kala-azar. Methodology: Patients were studied on the basis of history,...

Assessment of learning needs for nurses in relation to care of people living with HIV and aids in Swaziland
Tengetile R. Mathunjwa-Dlamini and Faye A. Gary

Swaziland has the highest human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) prevalence in the world. The purpose of the study was to assess the learning needs of nurses in relation to care of people living with...

Effects of crude oil as a soil contaminant on seedling growth of Jatropha curcas .L
Agbogidi, O. M., Ilondu, E. M. and Ohwo, O. A.

A study was conducted in 2010 to evaluate the effects of crude oil as a soil contaminant on the performance of Jatropha curcas seedlings in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Oil concentrations used were 0.0, 2.0, 4.0, 6.0, 8.0 and 10.0% w/w. The...

Original research article: Status of GGT, uric acid and serum electrolytes in myocardial infarction
Anita Yadav, Shilpa Sharma, Harpreet kaur matharu, Rashmi devendra

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the first leading cause of death for adult men and women in developed countries. Surprisingly in developing countries CVD also become the first leading causes responsible for one third of...

Effect of groove width and shape on concrete pavement skid resistance
Erhan Burak Pancar, Zeki Karaca and Muhammet Vefa Akpinar

The importance of surface texture characteristics of concrete pavement to reduce wet-weather accidents caused by skidding is well recognized by civil engineers. Sufficient transverse and longitudinal grooving provide good friction characteristics...

Apport des ong dans l’amelioration de la securite alimentaire dans le milieu rural de minova a l’est de la republique democratique du congo
Didier Fataki, S., Janvier Bashagaluke, B. et David Bugeme, M.

Minova est située à l’Est de la République Démocratique du Congo. Dans cette région sévit une forte insécurité alimentaire, conséquence des multiples guerres successives de libération qui ont surgi dans les dernières décennies et qui on fait que...

The study of tracheostomy in intensive care unit
Nicola Barreto, Harish Chander Goel and Swayamsidha H. Andhale

Aims and Objectives: To study the indications, timing and complications of tracheostomy in intensive care unit patients and to compare early versus late tracheostomy outcomes. Materials and Method: Studied 120 patients undergoing open surgical...

A single-phase CHB inverter with reduced power electronics components with low THD
Selva Priya, B. and Geethamani, R.

This project presents Single-phase Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter with minimum number of power electronics devices. The proposed Inverter consists of 4 unidirectional switches and single bidirectional switch in each cell. Single carrier and...

Impact of building on the performance of WIMAX communication system
Yazen S. Almashhadani, Balasem Salem, S., Ghassan A. Qas Marrogy and Adil H. Aldalawie

In the last era, the technology of WiMAX (3G) was broadly used for wireless communication systems in many reigns around the world due to its rich set of features with promising broadband wireless access networks. In this paper the ray tracing...

Temporal bone fracture following head massage after haircut: a case report
Harish ChanderGoel and Swayamsidha H. Andhale

Blunt trauma to the temporal region can cause fracture of the skull base, loss of hearing, vestibular symptoms and otorrhoea. The most common cause of blunt trauma to the ear and surrounding area are motor vehicle accidents, violent encounters...

Formulation development and evaluation of in situ nasal gel of zolpidem tartrate
Sadhana R Shahi, Gugulkar, R. R. and Kulkarni, M. S.

Nasal drug delivery has attracted much attention as a promising alternative administration route, especially for peptide or protein drugs. The nasal route is an attractive alternative to drug administration and provides a direct access to the...

Hypoglycaemic investigations of mistletoe (Loranthus micranthus) leaf extracts on diabetic rats
Eze-Steven, P. E., Njoku, O. U., Udedi, S., and Ogeneh, B.

This study investigated the hypoglycaemic activities of water extract of mistletoe leaf in the management of diabetes mellitus. Male Wistar rats were used for this study and they were housed to acclimatize in five different cages according to...

Investigation milk yield in small ruminants by region in Turkey
Şenol Çelik

The aim of the research, goat and sheep milk yield reveal differences and to develop recom­mendations by 7 geographical regions in Turkey. Data of the study was obtained from Turkey Statistical Institute (TSI)’s internet address “in the Livestock...

Remineralization of teeth..........dentistry is a step ahead now
Dr. Bhawna Arora, Dr. Ravneet Kaur and Dr. Monika Madaan

Dental caries is an infectious microbiologic disease that results in destruction of calcified tissues. The routine drill and fill technique eliminates bacteria only at the site of restoration and recolonization can occur in remaining part of oral...

Legal analysis and the importance of environmental protection of biodiversity in Macedonia and Albania
Dr. Ismail Zejneli and Dr. Alba DUMI

The preservation of natural environment under conditions in which we live has a great importance, perhaps man is operating in this environment and therefore recently also are devoted many studies. The urbanization and population growth,...

Prospective randomized comparative study of external dacryocystorhinostomy and endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy
Markandeya Tiwari, Swayamsidha H. Andhale, Sandesh Chodankar and Ugam Usgaonkar

Aims and objectives: To compare the success rate and complications between external and endonasal DCR. Materials and methods: The study included 50 cases in 49 patients. They were randomized into 2 groups. Group A for external DCR and group B for...

First report of polyembryony in Inga feuillei (Leguminosae, ingeae)
Zapater, M. A., Lozano, E. C. and Hoc, P. S.

The genus Inga Mill. comprises approximately 300 species with tropical and subtropical distribution from Central America to Argentina, six of them grow in Argentina, I. feuillei DC, a species that grow in the rainforests of Ecuador, Peru and...

Formulation and performance characterization of ceramic tile adhesive produced with acacia gum
Ohoke Francis Okemini and Igwebike-Ossi, Clementina Dilim

Redispersible polymer materials employed in the formulation of ceramic tile adhesives are products of high technology and are not easily available to the small scale producers of the adhesives. In this study, the potentialities of acacia gum as...

Modulatory role of l-ascorbic acid in oxidative stress induced by repeated oral administration of bifenthrin in heart of wistar rats
Muneer Ahmad Dar, Arshad Hussain Mir, Shah Riaz Ahmed Chowdhary, Neha Sharma, Asif Ahmad Bhat, Mohd Yousuf Dar, Javid Farooq and Nileshkumar Pagrut

The present study was aimed to evaluate the modulatory role of L-ascorbic acid against oxidative stress in bifenthrin intoxicated rats. Rats were divided into four groups with six rats in each group. Group I animals received corn oil and served...

Studies on relative heterosis and heterobeltiosis for four quantitative characters- grain yield per plant , straw yield per plant , total biological yield per plant and harvest index in rice (Oryza sativa l.).
Girish Chandra Tiwari

Ten diverse genotypes of rice (Oryza sativa L.) were crossed in a diallel fashion to study heterosis for 12 quantitative characters. In which for grain yield per plant all the 45 hybrids exhibited positive significant heterosis over mid parent...

Effect of split application method of inorganic fertilizer on the nutritional composition of Vetiver grass (Vetiveria nigritana)
Aderinola, O. A., Alamu, L. O., Adesina G.O. and A. A. Famakinwa

The utilization of vetiver grass in south western Nigeria is still at a novel stage with the potential of it being introduced to farmers. The effect of split application method of inorganic fertilizer (urea 46%N) on the nutritional composition of...

Relationship between motivation and performance in K.C.S.E biology in selected secondary schools in Nyakach District, Kisumu County, Kenya
Mr. OwinoOgutu Albert, Dr. Yungungu Alice M., Ahmed Osman and OgollaBernard, O.

This paper identifies and discusses motivation related factors and how they influence performance in K.C.S.E Biology in selected secondary schools in Nyakach Sub – county, Kisumu County. The study was significant as performance in K.C.S.E Biology...

Trado-cultural and socio-economic effects of feto-maternal outcome in a rural community in the Niger delta: 5 years retrospective study in Nduth, Okolobiri
Ekine, A. A., Udoye, E.P. and West, O.L.

Background: Feto-maternal indices play a vital role in the assessment of nation socio-economic state among other factors. Despite various efforts and measures by the WHO, the feto-maternal morbidity, mortality is still unacceptably high,...

Revisiting diversity and geographical distribution of eight minor families viz., anoplodiscidae, axinidae, capsalidae, cichlidogyridae, heteraxinidae, hexabothriidae, bothitrematidae and tetraonchoidae of class monogenea
Fozail Ahmad, Sharma, C., Aggarwal, V.P. and Arya, P.V.

Members of class monogenea are widely distributed all over the world in diverse ecosystems. Based on their relatedness they are assigned to respective families. Based on global diversity majority of representation comes from some main or major...

Toxicological effect of aqueous seed extract of Datura stramonium on liver of experimental rats
Muhammad Abubakar Madungurum and Yusuf Yunusa Muhammad

Datura stramonium which is commonly called Jimsonweed in English originated in the Middle East but has since become a cosmopolitan plant that grows in temperate and tropical countries alike. It is often found growing as a weed between rubble in...

Synthesis and application of silver nanoparticles as Fe2+ and Mn2+ metal-ions contaminant removal media in groundwater samples
Francis Nsiah, Isaac K. Attatsi, Michael K. Danquah and David K. Dodoo

The interest in the application of nanomaterials has been the focus of a number of scientific investigations in recent times. This drive has resulted mainly from the ease of synthesis, large surface area for adsorption, and tunable surface...

Development of mg-so42-/zro2 heterogeneous catalyst for Transesterification reaction of rice bran oil
Sunder Lal, Richa Tomer and Deeptiraj Pant

We have studied transesterification of Rice bran oil with heterogeneous catalyst and found that the heterogeneous catalyst Mg-SO42-/ZrO2 worked very well for transesterification of oils. The maximum conversion...

Environmental change and struggle for existence: A case study of Pakhiralaya and Rangabelia Village, Gosaba in sunderban area of West Bengal
Subhadip Gupta and Gargi Sarkar

Sunderban is the largest space of tidal halophytic mangrove forest in the globe. It is a delta of the rivers Ganga, Brahmaputra and Meghna and located in West Bengal state of India and neighboring country of Bangladesh. The present paper deals...

Offline handwriting recognition using genetic algorithm
Snehal S. Patwardhan and Dr. Deshmukh, R.R.

The optical character recognition (OCR) is known to be one of the earliest applications of artificial intelligence. Genetic algorithm, which partially emulate human thinking in the domain of artificial intelligence, has been used in this study...

Impact of helminth parasites on plasma proteins in children of Kashmir
Bashir Ahmad Lone, Fayaz Ahmad and Hidayatullah Tak

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of helminth infections on plasma proteins in children of Kashmir valley. Stool and Blood samples were collected from 573 school children both male and female in the age group of 2-15 years from the...

Use of scholarly electronic information resources by faculty members of NBA accredited engineering college libraries: A survey
Dr. Anjaiah, M. and Dr. Nageshwara Rao, P.

The rapid advances in information processing, storage and communication technologies have revolutionized the role of worldwide libraries in disseminating information services to the users. The role of ICT based services are rapidly increasing due...

Interaction of silver nitrate with commercially available cotton socks; relationship to the antibacterial action of silver ions
Revathi, P., Prabhu, N., Jayaseelan, T.S., Lakshika, S., Manickavasagam, S. and Uma, A.

Silver nitrate (10-3M) coated cotton socks significantly reduced the bacterial load of the socks flora among the medical students. The bacterial load is directly proportional to number of days and inversely proportional to the concentration of...

Reliability of british pendulum test on macrotextured surfaces
Erhan Burak Pancar and Zeki Karaca

The British pendulum test is a common laboratory test for measurement low-speed friction of pavement surface which is related to surface microtexture of road surface. Transverse or longitudinal grooving is used to improve skid resistance on...

Review on methods for biological assays of pharmaceutical products
Tasiu Mahmud, Mukhtar, M.D., Ibrahim A. Sabo, Dauda Danlami and Naziru Dahiru

The present study paper on the biological assays of pharmaceutical product is intended to review on the available literature that are widely applicable in the bioassay of pharmaceutical substances. There is an urgent need for more strategies and...

Solar PV and battery storage integration using three-level NPC inverter
Preethi, L. and Ramya Rani, N.

In this paper, a configuration of a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter that can integrate solar PV with battery storage in a grid-connected system is proposed. This paper illustrates the design of three-port dc–dc converter for...

Solving linear potential using the variation method
Mudassir Umar Ali, Abubakar Sani Garba and Nazifi Usman

We examine the variation of 1-dimentional quantum mechanics system in linear potential (constant force), using variation wave functions for the ground state up to the second order shift. This approach use simple wave functions to describe the...

Evaluating the performance of different types of cutting fluid in the machining of aluminium-manganese alloy in turning operation
SANUSI Olawale Monsur, BELLO Yekini and AKINDAPO Jacob Olaitan

The research aimed to evaluate the performance of neem seed oil as a cutting fluid in orthogonal machining of aluminium-manganese alloy 3003, carbide cutting tool insert was used as a cutting tool under different machining parameters of spindle...

Safety and efficacy of retrograde intrarenal surgery in pediatric stone disease
Bülent Altay, Bülent Erkurt, Fırat Erdoğan, Cem Cahit Barışık, Vahit Güzelburç and Selami Albayrak

Objectives: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of flexible ureteroscopic (FURS) lithotripsy for intrarenal stones in children younger than 12 years.

Methods: From January 2004 to March 2013, 44 patients (...

A markov model for reliability analysis of coal handling unit of badarpur thermal power plant
Yogesh Kumar, Dr. Sanjeev Kumar and Ruchika Singh

The present paper discusses the development of a Markov model for performance evaluation of coal handling unit of a thermal power plant using probabilistic approach. Coal handling unit ensures proper supply of coal for sound functioning of...

Load balancing with token bucket algorithm (LBTB)
Enakshmi Nandi and Debabrata Sarddar

Cloud Computing is new concept in internet technology which has become so popular to provide different services to client like as on-line office software, game and on-line storage facility, multi-media sharing etc. The main principal of cloud...

Web data security in e-commerce against various vulnerabilities using AES algorithm
Rupica Puri and Sheetal Kalra

E-commerce Security is a part of the Information Security framework and is specifically applied to the components that affect E-commerce that include Computer Security, Data security and other wider areas of the Information Security framework. E-...

Examination of fanger’s pmv model in indoor - air conditioned environment of the coastal strip of benin
Aurélien OLISSAN, Jean-Marie HAUGLUSTAINE, Clément KOUCHADE, Cossi Norbert AWANOU and Philippe ANDRE

Le confort thermique dans le bâtiment est souvent apprécié à partir des mesures internationales, basées sur la théorie des échanges thermiques du corps humain avec son environnement. A partir des mesures faites dans les bureaux du rectorat de l’...

Probiotic attributes of two strains of bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis –an in –vitro assessment
Ligimol James and Kishan Singh

Strains of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis are extensively incorporated in commercial probiotic preparations due to a number of technological and physiological advantages attributed to them over other members of the...

Glass ceiling on women employees with special reference to sultanate of oman
Dr. Kumudha, A.

Women are one of the important resources in the organizations and also are a new addition in the organization. But as we all know that a new addition is very difficult to accept. So are women finding it very difficult to adjust them in the new...

Evaluation of handpump water for drinking purpose in area of urbanization and agricultural development
Harsimran Kaur Ghuman, Sanjay Gupta, Sanjiv Aggarwal, Shamim Monga, Hobinder and Rupali

Introduction: Pumps are a common means of lifting water from a clean groundwater in developing countries.

Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted in district Faridkot, Punjab...

Design and analysis of light weight motor vehicle flywheel
Maninder and Suresh Bhardwaj

Flywheels serve as kinetic energy storage and retrieval devices with the ability to deliver high output power at high rotational speeds as being one of the emerging energy storage technologies available today in various stages of development,...

Biosurfactants production potential of native hydrocarbon degrading bacteria strains in refinery effluent collected from kaduna refinery and petrochemical company Nigeria
Zakka Jonathan, Markus Victor, Paul Abraham Tanta Emmanuel and Jonathan Bege

The enormous diversity and application of biosurfactants and the increased environmental concerns due to the toxicity of chemical surfactants and their difficulty in being degraded in the environment, coupled with the emergence of more stringent...

Knowledge sharing and institutional capacity building for climate change adaptation
Maria Onyango, Emma Liwenga and Francis Mugabe

Climate change is a global problem in the centre of sustainable development efforts. It has adverse effects on food production and community livelihoods. African countries are vulnerable to climate change due to their low adaptive capacity....

Hirudotherapy-modern twist to ancient science and its relevance in maxillofacial region- A review article
Dr. Tripthi, P. S. and Dr. Ashalatha, M.

Hematophagous animals that feed on prey blood are known to overcome blood clotting by producing in their salivary gland secretion many biologically active compounds, especially the anticoagulants. Amongst the blood-sucking organisms, leech is a...

Effect of aqueous extract of bean pod on alloxan induced diabetes rats
Jamilu, Y. M. I., Alhassan, A. J., Darma, A. I. and Karfi, I. A.

Phasealus vulgaris is herbaceous annual plant grown worldwide for its edible bean.Serum glucose for Alloxan induced diabetes rats grouped into four was determined. It determined after treated with bean pod extract. Group 1 (normal control) has...

Comparative studies of econeem and piper longum extracts against cotton roller sylepta derogate fab
Mariselvi, S. and Manimegalai, K.

Cotton is a plant which is desirable to many pests. For this reason, many chemical and synthetic pesticides are used of which many are insecticides. Plant extracts aspest repellents is a very effective method of pest control. Plant extract is...

Economic benefit from adoption of gm papaya: an ex-ante evaluation
Kevin Li, and Edward A. Evans

Currently, papaya production in South Florida is significantly limited as a result of the papaya ring spot virus. Successful resistance in other countries evidences the potential of GM technology to impact the US domestic papaya economy. In...

Guppies and their life style
Samreena Baqal and Ahmad, S.M.

Guppies are important model system for the study of sexual selection for colouration which is an especially important component of female mate choice. Guppies own phenotypic variation to diverge natural and sexual selection by evolutionary (...

Medicinal plants of akot tahsil used for the treatment of kidney disorders
Dr. Santosh Narayanrao Patole

The floristic studies on the flora of Akot tahsil of Akola districts, Maharashtra were conducted to assess the potentiality of the plant resources. The study reveals that about 31 plants belonging to 27 families are used in the treatment of...

Antibacterial potential of honey on some selected clinical isolates
Ibrahim Alhaji Sabo, Tasiu Mahmud, Dauda Danlami, Hassan Muhammad Ibrahim and Naziru Dahiru

The antibacterial action of honey on five bacterial clinical isolates (Staphylococcus aureus, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella sp and Proteus sp) was observed with 50% (v/v) as well as the neat concentration (100%) v/v, using agar-...

Anthropometric analysis of palpebral and interpupillary dimension among northern cross river ethnic population
Eteudo, A.N., Lukpata, P.U. and Christain, E.M.

Anthropometric analysis of palpebral and interpupillary dimension is very important to maxillofacial and plastic surgeons, anthropologist, dysmorphologists and in forensic investigations. The study was carried on the Anthropometric analysis of...

The impacts of oil spillage on marine ecosystem in Niger delta region, Nigeria
Dr. G. A. Wokocha

The purpose of this research is to ascertain the impact of oil spillage on marine ecosystem in the Niger Delta religion of Nigeria. To achieve this study 14 items structured questionnaire of yes or no was developed by the researcher and...

Implicatons about latin square trial plan
Şenol Çelik

In this study, vertical Latin squares, symmetric Latin squares and Latin squares that have been rotated 90 degrees have been examined and the statistical analysis have been carried out through a numerical example. As a result of the analysis, the...

A novel inexpensive technique to immobilize open hand injuries in a functional position using a premolded light weight external fixator
Dr. Vaibhav Aterkar, Dr. Umang Sanghvi and Dr. Kailash Sethi

Hand trauma is quite frequent and coupled with a loss of function, can have an impact on almost all activities. Prolonged disability is an inherent consequence of such injuries, if they are not treated meticulously. Apt surgical intervention...

Comparison study between two type of formulation taking a newly formulated effervescent ciprofloxacin
Ahmed M. A. Masaad, Majed Al robaian

This research is a formulation of the drug as an effervescent tablet by two methods (direct compression and wet granulation). The bitter taste was masked by saccharine as sweeting agent furthermore the effervescent effect of citric acid, tartaric...

Studying nexus between green technology fuelling and inland water ways Upshoots in Diminuting carbon emissions and conserving non-renewable fuels
Shantanu and Garima Sharma

With the huge increase in global liquid fuels usage leading to global warming due to high pollutant emission; an alarming situation has risen to develop and adopt alternative green technology. This is highly required for transportation sector...

Survey of chaotic image encryption techniques
Brinda Devi, D. and Dr. Selva Kumar, S.

Cryptography is simply the science of securing sensitive and confidential information as it is stored on media or transmitted through communication network paths. Chaotic Encryption is the new direction of cryptography. It makes use of chaotic...

A Study on the Finite Element Method: an Essential Tool for Engineering Analysis
Wadzani Samuel Gadzama, Nonyelu Helen Uzoamaka, Lilian Nneka Ejike-Uguwu and Okwudiba Ifeanyi Nwachukwu

The method of finite element is a numerical technique that solves or at least approximates enough to a system of differential equations related with a physical or engineering problem. This study looked into the usefulness of the finite element...

A behavioral economic approach to the privacy paradox in korea
Sang-Young, Sonn and Ji-Yeon, Yoo

This paper presents the results of a survey and an experiment of behavioral economics done in October, 2013 to find empirical evidence supporting the privacy paradox in Korea and derives implications from the results. Consequently, we found...

Comparison of level of serum zinc and serum magnesium between diabetics and non diabetics patients
Dr. Chhabra, R. J., Dr. Ketan Mangukiya, Dr. Shweta Singh and Dr. Poonam Kachhawa

Background: Diabetes mellitus is chronic disease characterized by defective insulin production or utilization. In particular, type-2 diabetes mellitus has been shown to be associated with abnormalities in the metabolism of Zinc,...

Overview: Morphological and Molecular Markers role in Crop Improvement Programs
Atnafua Bekele and Endashaw Bekele

The knowledge of existing plant genetic diversity is crucial for effective management of crop genetic resources. The variability obtained in the genome of a species can be grouped in to visible and non visible characteristics. Ethino-botanical...

Evidence based community health project: Faculty perception on its effectiveness, outcomes and implementation
Geetanjali Purohit, Trushna Shah, Niraj Pandit, Ajay George and Harsoda J. M.

Introduction: Evidence based public health is "The development, implementation and evaluation of effective programs and policies in public health through application of principles of scientific reasoning, including systematic uses of data and...

Analysis of critical factors affecting performance of quality in building construction projects
Arunmozhi, S., Suguna, K. and Arunmozhi, S.

This research paper is intended to provide the clients, project managers, designers, and contractors with necessary information needed to better manage the quality of building construction projects. The paper reports the findings of a research...

Salvia genus: minor isolated triterpenoid(s)
Shyamal K. Jash, Dilip Gorai and Rajiv Roy

In this review article, our focus is on the Minor avail triterpenoids, found in Salvia species such as Dammarens, and other critical structure type triterpenoids. This review article compiled almost 28 triterpenoids from about 15 species of...

Happiness level of the secondary school teachers
Pranjal Buragohain and Hazarika, M.

Happiness is a state of well-being. It is the degree to which an individual judges the overall quality of his own life as a whole favourably. In the present paper the construct of happiness includes the five elements of Seligman’s Well-being...

Demand for non-timber forest products in akure metropolis
Adepoju, A.A., Oladeebo, J. O. and Ojedokun, I.K.

This study was carried out to examine the household demand for NTFPs in Akure Metropolis in Ondo State of Nigeria using a simple random sampling to select household from each of the two wards from Akure North and South Local Government Areas. A...

The Study of Some Motivational Factors on English Language Learning Process: Evidence from Iranian English Learners
Kolsoom Zendehboodi, Ali Akbar Khansir and Fatemeh Karampoor

Since the work of Gardener and his associates in the 1950s, the role of motivation in learning a second language has continued to interest researchers. Previous studies on L2 motivation were largely based on product oriented models of motivation...

Indexing of fungal flora on deteriorating sandstone monuments with special reference to Kala Dera-ii temple at Manwal (Jammu and Kasmir state, India)
Sanjay Prasad Gupta, Sharma, D. N., Chandrol G. K. and Shrivastava, G.N.

Fungi are complex communities of microorganisms that have deteriorating effects on historic sandstone monuments. This myco-ecological study was specifically made to examine the diversity of fungi associated with deteriorated monuments sites. In...

Deepwater mooring system equivalent truncated intelligent optimization design
Xu Gang, Sun Liping and Cheng Chuanyun

Offshore oil and gas exploration forward deepwater and ultra-deepwater, due to marine engineering pool limitation, it is very difficult to use conventional reduced scale do full-depth system model test, so hybrid model test techniques are used...

Investigation of antimicrobial activity of three Indian species of brassica from Vidisha district
Sunil Dubey, Milin K. Agrawal and Richa Sharma

The antimicrobial activity of several extracts of the seeds of Brassica alba L., Brassica campestris L. and Brassica juncea L. was investigated using disk diffusion method against seven reference microorganisms (five bacterial and two fungal...

Bamboo salt- A review
Dr. Bhagyashri R. Latti, Dr. Sanjeev B. Birajdar, Dr. Jitendra. V. Kalburge and Dr. Ramchandra G. Latti

Bamboo salt has been used in Korean medicine for centuries as a folk medicine for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. It is made by putting sea salt into cases made from bamboo trunks with 3 years of growth. Studies have shown...

Legal Regulation of Administrative Misdemeanours: European Principles and the Case of Albania
Dr. Eralda (Methasani) Çani

Administrative misdemeanours refers to one of the legal institutes of a high importance in the legislative policy adopted in a country. It regulates from an administrative perception actions or omissions that cause a harm (or potential harm) to...

Cyanobacterial diversity of soybean (glycine max (l.) merill) fields
Santosh Mahadeo Talekar

The present study deals with the phycological characteristics of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merill) crop fields in Beed district (M.S.) in India. To study the cyanobacterial diversity 30 samples ware collected randomly from surface and subsurface...

Gross morphological changes in chick embryos after exposure to Neonicotinoid insecticide Imidacloprid
Dr Muktyaz Hussein, Dr. Vishram Singh, Dr M.A.Hassan, Dr. Prerna Gupta, Dr Rakesh Pathak and Dr A.K.Singh

Introduction: Imidacloprid is one of the major representatives of the new generation of neonicotinoid insecticides derived from nicotine isolated from the tobacco plant. Imidacloprid is a widely applied pesticide due to their...

Determination of important physical properties and water absorption capacities of fourtraditional paddy varieties in Sri Lanka
Gayan Thilakarathna, Seneviratne Navaratne and Indira Wickramasinghe

Four Sri Lankan traditional paddy varieties (Unakola samba, Suduru samba, Rathna samba and Kahamaala) were subjected to an experiment to determine physical properties and water absorption capacities. Physical Properties such as dimensions and...

BIOACCUMULATION STUDY OF ANTHRACENE IN A FEW TISSUES OF RASBORA DANICONIUS
Advait Bhagade

Chronic exposure of the freshwater fish Rasbora daniconius to PAH Anthracene showed bioaccumulation in varying concentrations in the gill, liver, intestine and kidney tissues. Bioaccumulation was assessed with the help of GCMS in terms of wet...

Chaetotaxy mapping of Argentophilic papillae in Mizelleus indicus (Jain, 1957), Pandey et al. 2003 and its relevance to species Characterisation
Priya Vrat Arya and Hirdaya Shanker Singh

Chaetotaxy maps a well established tool for taxonomic relevance mainly in ticks and mites. Silver staining based tools have been employed in monogenean studies as well. Present communication deal with the application of silver staining technique...

Assessment of physical activity and wellness lifestyle of senior personnel in local Governments, Ekiti State, Nigeria
Joseph Afolayan Adegboyega and Ajoke Olukemi Awosusi

The ability of the Local Government to achieve its goals and objectives depend on the productivity of its workers which may also hinge on the health status and wellness of the personnel. It is against this background that the study assessed the...

The study of fish diversity of wyra reservoir khammam District, Telangana, India
Johnmohammad, M., Krishna, P. V., Shabbar Khan and Mohd. Azharuddin

The fish fauna of Wyra reservoir collected for the present study .the results of present study confirmed the occurrence of 26 species of fishes belonging to 21 genera, 11families and 7 orders. The order Cypriniformes was dominant with 8 species...

Checklist of fresh water fishes of the paler reservoir in khammam District, Telangana, India
Johnmohammad, M., Krishna, P. V., Shabbar Khan and Mohd. Azharuddin

The present study is focused on the fish fauna of Paler reservoir. The results of the present study confirmed the occurrence of 28 species of fishes belonging to 21 genera, 12 families and 7 orders. It was found that the order Cypriniformes was...

Original research article: Dexmedetomidine: A simple, Easy, and Economical adjuvant for general anaesthesia
Dr. Anita B Patel, Dr. Ekta soni, Dr. Jagruti satasiya and Dr. Ketan Mangukiya

Background: Since the first report of clonidine, an α2-adrenoceptor agonist, the indications for this class of drugs have continued to expand. In December 1999, dexmedetomidine was approved as the most recent agent in this group and was...

An experimental study to evaluate the effect of Mucuna pruriens on learning and memory in mice
Anjula Sachan, Sarvesh Singh, Hemant Singh, Pratap Shankar, Dheeraj Kumar, Amod Kumar Sachan, Rajendra Nath and Rakesh Kumar Dixit

Introduction: Nootropics, popularly referred to as smart drugs, smart nutrients, cognitive enhancers, brain enhancers and memory enhancers are a class of drugs that improve impaired human cognitive abilities. Mucuna pruriens, belonging to family...

Teacher preparation for implementing e-learning in urban high schools in zimbabwe: the case of mzilikazi district in the bulawayo metropolitan province
Mangwaya Emily and Mangwaya Ezron

Whenever new innovations are introduced in the education system of any country it is absolutely necessary to prepare implementers so that they understand their new roles. Many a time, particularly in centralized systems, the teacher is left at...

Temporomandibular joint disorders- etiology, diagnosis and management-A review
Dr. Arun Kumar, Dr. Minakshi Rana, Dr. Anita Hooda, Dr. Mahesh Goel, Dr. Amit Dahiya and Dr. Vijay Kumar

TMDs are a group of conditions affecting the joint and or the muscles of mastication. TMDs consist of three main groups of conditions: myofascial pain; disc disorders; TMJ arthritides. The gold standard diagnostic criteria for research involving...

Use of lichens as bio-indicators in assessing the level of air pollution in the region of Bizerte
Karima Tabbabi and Tijani Karmous

Since 1950, various plants with a strong ability to bioaccumulate have been used for continuous monitoring of the land contamination or water areas by the main categories of pollutants. These plants, containing certain chelating components, have...

Optimizing transmission cost by using PTOP-k queries in wireless sensor network
Dr. K. Madhavi and Kavitha, S.

Wireless Sensor Networks are widely used in real world applications. Such networks produce uncertain data. Such data can be queried in WSN. However, achieving top-k query processing is a challenging task. This also needs to reduce transmissions....

Pattern of human fascioliasis in the province of Giulan, Iran (Since 2008-2014)
Ali Fattahi Bafghi, Yasman Alijany and Mostafa Mirza Nejad

Introduction Fascioliasis is caused by two species of parasitic trematode that mainly affect the liver. It belongs to the group of food borne trematode infections and is a Zoonose, meaning an animal infection that may be transmitted to humans....

Cycas andamanica (Cycadaceae): a new species from Andaman Islands, India
Prasad, K., Venkat Ramana, M., Ravi Prasad Rao, B. and Sanjappa, M.

Cycas andamanica is described as a new species from Andaman Islands, India and this new species belonging to subsection Rumphiae. It’s closely affinities with C. edentata and C. zeylanica are discussed and also provides detailed...

Leadership style and perceived risk taking: moderating role of attribution style of bank management staff
Chris N. Uzondu and Evelyn E. Azubuike

This study investigated the moderating role of attribution style on relationship between leadership style and perceived risk-taking among bank management staff. One hundred and ninety-four (194) bank management staff comprising 100 males and 94...

Computed tomography scan as a first line investigation in blunt abdominal trauma
Ishwar Charan, Namrata Jagawat, Akhil Kapoor and Vijay Haralgat Seetharamaiha

Introduction: CT is the imaging method of choice in the evaluation of abdominal and pelvic injuries after blunt trauma. CT scan is a one stop shop as it detects solid organ injury, hollow viscus injury, vascular injury and bony injury....

Effect of different traditional dances of tigray region on selected physical fitness triads on collegiate youths
Mulay G. Tensay, Hassrani. S. S. and Somsankar Mukherjee

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the affect and comparisons of traditional dances of Tigray region on selected physical fitness traits. Eighty male participants were selected purposely and were divided in to four Traditional Dance groups...

Scientific attitude of secondary school students of sivasagar district in relation to their achievement in science
Binoy Munda and Manashee Gogoi

Scientific attitude refers to open mindedness, objectivity, aversion to superstitions, rationality, curiosity, etc. It is a way of thinking of a person. A person with scientific attitude is truthful in observation, rational in thinking, objective...

Free radicals and human health
Mustafa Taha Mohammed, Sura Mohammed Kadhim, Abdulkadir Mohammed Noori Jassimand and Sarah Isam Abbas

In recent years, there has been a large quantity of attention toward the field of free radical chemistry. Free radicals reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species(RNS) are generated by our body by different endogenous systems,...

Teachers motivation as a viable option for the survival of the Nigerian educational system
Dr. Nwadiokwu, C.N., Nwadiokwu, E.S., Favour, E.N. and Okwuazun, M.E

It is a well-known fact that teachers are the cornerstone is any educational programme. No matter how well education policies are formulated planned and funded, without professionally qualified, dedicated and highly motivated teachers to execute...

Simple release of protein a from staphylococcus aureus NCTC 8325
Sara Zahednia, Hojat Ahmadi and Mahboobeh Madani

Protein A is found in the cell wall of bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. It can be used in the purification process of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. Enzymatic method using Lysostaphin Enzyme is the most common and standard method for the...

Potential and strategy increase of income original regional from hotel tax (a case at city of serang, banten province, Indonesia)
Aliudin

This research aim to know: (1) determine potential of income original regional from hotel tax that has not been optimized, (2) Finding the the problem solving of income original regional from hotel tax and its startegy . (3) forecasting of tax...

Encounter of diversities
Dragana Litričin-Dunič

In imagological context, an image has a wide receptive and information power and handles a range of related terms, such as delusions, prejudices, stereotypes, myths, mentality, and otherness. In literature, the repertoire of stereotypes, as we...

Changes in soil fertility status after five years of continuous cropping
Osundare, B.

Knowledge of the kinds and quantities of nutrient elements removed from the soil system by crops during the growing period is critical to determining crop nutrient requirements, and hence, fertilizer recommendation. In view of this, this study...

Original research article: Study of immunization and breastfeeding awareness in Primigravida attending tertiary care hospital of Anand district, Gujarat
Dr. Abdulhamid S Mavli and Dr. Dilipkumar, L.

Introduction: Maternal complications and poor perinatal outcome are highly associated with nonutilisation of antenatal and delivery care services and poor socioeconomic conditions of the patient. It is essential that all pregnant women have...

Central giant cell granuloma in a 10 year old child – a case report
Dr. Meenakshi Bodh, Dr. Ritu Namdev, Dr. Mitali Jain, Dr. Samir Dutta and Dr. Arun kumar

Background: Central giant cell granuloma is an intraosseous lesion consisting of cellular fibrous tissue that contains multiple foci of hemorrhage, aggregations of multinucleated giant cells and occasionally trabeculae of woven bone. Aims: This...

The utility of classification and framing for analysing classroom practices with a focus on children with special educational needs
Efthymiou Efthymia

Bernsteinian concepts of classification and framing are proposed for the analysis of the inclusive practices involved in the organisation and communication in classrooms. The assumption is that the processes of construction of shared...

Shalimar the clown: A life and world of virtuousness
Abhibunnisha Begum

The ninth novel of Salman Rushdie Shalimar the Clown was published on September 6, 2005 by Jonathan Cape and it is an extensive study of Kashmir. Shalimar the Clown is...

Dielectric properties of ferroelectric l-proline triglycine sulphate (lptgs) crystal
Joseph John, N.

Effect of L-proline doping on the dielectric properties of triglycine sulphate has been studied. L-proline doped triglycine sulphate (LPTGS) were grown from aqueous solution by solution growth technique at room temperature. The dielectric studies...

Government-controlled companies and accounting performance
Sami R.M. Musallam

This study investigates the effects of Government-Controlled Funds (GCFs) and Private-Government-Controlled Funds (PGCFs) ownerships on accounting performance using a sample of 190 non-financial listed companies on Bursa Malaysia from 2009 to...

Genetic transformation studies in Carica papaya L.: A brief review
Parul Saksena and Pooja Uppal Kumar

Genetic transformation involves non sexual transfer of genes and traits they control from one organism into another. Papaya, Carica papaya L., is one of the major fruit crops cultivated in tropical and sub-tropical zones. Worldwide over 6.8...

Chemical composition and nutritive value of Leptadenia hastata leaves
Fai Frederick Yirankinyuki, Wilson Lamayi Danbature, Muhammad M. Muzakir and Simon Y. Simon

This paper aimed at investigating the chemical compositions and mineral contents of Leptadenia hastate leaves. The proximate analysis shows moisture, ash, lipid, crude protein, crude fiber and carbohydrate contents to be (7.67, 17.67, 5.0, 14.88...

Ants’ foraging, a mystery
Khokan Naskar and Srimanta K. Raut

The ants Pheidole roberti were offered food at different locations in their natural foraging area on 108 days, both in day and night time at Garia, Kolkata, India to note the first contact time with the said food by them following supply of the...

Factors influencing anaemia in pregnancy in the cape coast metropolis, Ghana
Theodora DedoAzu

This study sought to investigate factors that influence anaemia in pregnancy. This quantitative research adopted a prospective descriptive design, using a cohort of 260 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in the Cape Coast Metropolis. This...

Overview presentation and statistical representation of icthyofaunal diversity, threats and conservation of Srikakulam district wetlands, Andrapradesh, India
Mukunda Rao, S. and Ramachandra Rao, R.

Wetlands are among the most productive ecosystems in the srikakulam district and its play a vital role in flood control, aquifer recharge, nutrient absorption and erosion control. . In addition, wetlands provide home for a huge diversity of...

Toxicity of Morinda lucida leaves to Clarias gariepinus
Frank N.I. Morah, Augustine U. Agorye and Albert P. Ekanem

The study is on ichthyotoxic activity of Morinda lucida leaf on African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. The work shows that introduction of Morinda lucida leaf extract into the aquarium resulted in death of the fishes....

Games and activities: Techniques for teaching english in a fun-filled environment
Dolon Champa Das

“Studies serve for Delight, for Ornament and for Ability” (Francis Bacon). Various researches are being conducted to make teaching of English interesting and easy for the learners to grab the language. Teaching is no more limited to teachers’...

Follicular thyroid carcinoma metastasis to the kidney a case report with cyto - histologic correlation
Dr. Rajankumar, T.

Here we report a case of a 55 years old lady who underwent hemithyroidectomy 15 years back presented with abdominal mass diagnosed with C T Scan As retroperitoneal soft tissue sarcoma. During surgery it was found to be a renal mass. We did a...

Fatigue Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Wheel
Anil Kumar, Manish Saini and Pratap Singh

This paper deals with “Fatigue Analysis of Aluminum Alloy Wheel under various RPMs”. During the part of project a static and fatigue analysis of aluminum alloy wheel was carried out using FEA package. The 3-dimensional model of the wheel was...

Investigation on the structural, optical, electrical and mechanical properties of a new rhodamine-b doped l-histidine hydrochloride nlo crystal
Kathiravan, V., Pari, S. and Selvarajan, P.

Rhodamine-B doped L- Histidine Hydrochloride was grown by solution method with slow evaporation technique at room temperature. The grown crystals were observed to be slightly pink in colour. The lattice constants of the grown crystals were...

An enhanced embryo culture methodology for coconut (Cocos nucifera l.)
Pablito M. Magdalita, Olivia P. Damasco, Yohannes M.S. Samosir, Nurhaini Mashud, Hengky Novariento, Erlinda P. Rillo, Vu Thi My Lien, Alfred Kembu, Mathias Fauare and Stephen W. Adkins

Improvements to the conventional embryo culture protocol have been initiated. These improvements, among several, include the use of a CO2-enrichment step within a photoautotrophic culture system and the application of 100 µM of either...

Cox-1 studies in evaluation and assessment of molecular diversity among Gyrodactylidae, Diplectenidae, Diplozoidae and Dictilophoridae families (Class: Monogenea)
Fozail Ahmad, Priya Vrat Arya and Singh, H.S.

Proteins being mirror to molecular signature of an organism, their potential in assessment of molecular diversity may be useful. Comparison among the organisms or on a larger scale of family may further be taken to give insight on the molecular...

There couldn’t be the west, if there was not the east
Soltanova, N. B.

In treatise “Knowledge” Bahmanyar discussing problems of logic and metaphysic considered the problems of physics which were observed by the Western scholars after centuries. He elucidated the elements of physics in the scientific way of that time...

A comparison of propofol versus sevoflurane for laryngeal mask airway insertion
Dr. Anita B Patel, Dr. Ekta soni and Dr. Jagruti satasiya

Background: IV Propofol is widely used for providing anaesthesia for LMA insertion. Sevoflurane is a new volatile anaesthetic with rapid induction and recovery characteristics. Aims & Objectives: To compare effect of propofol versus...

Pathological problems and associated mycoflora of certain important trees of Bhiwani (Haryana)
Hoshiar Singh Tak, Ajit Singh and Shabir Ahmad

Based on extensive forest disease survey conducted in the Bhiwani district of Haryana, certain fungal species causing various types of disease were identified on Delonixregia, Bauhinia varigata, Cassia fitula, Dalbergiasisso, Meliaazardarach....

Distinct mechanisms of 10 links kinematic chains of group a
Dr. Ali Hasan

In this paper a new, easy, reliable, and efficient method to detect isomorphism and a catalogue of fixed link with its corresponding equivalent links in the distinct mechanisms of kinematic chains of Group-A, has been presented. It is helpful to...

A review paper on performance evalution of single cylinder 4-stroke petrol engine using petrol-ethanol blends
Akshay S. Jagtap, Ajay A. Dhokale, Abhijeet Y. Makhale, Shantanu A. Chati and Prashant B. Panchal

This paper is based on the available evidence for the performance evaluation of single cylinder 4-stroke petrol engine using petrol-ethanol blend fuels and also focuses on regulated and unregulated air pollutant emissions from vehicles running on...

Therapeutic applications of nanotechnology in bone diseases and bone tissue engineering
Mourouguessine Vimal

Nanotechnology is an emerging field of research that provides scientists, the opportunity to manipulate matter at atomic and molecular scale. In the field of nanomedicine, nanocarriers are being engineered for targeted drug delivery so as to...

Seawater desalination technologies
Peter G. Youssef, Saad M. Mahmoud and Raya K. AL-Dadah

As the world population is growing, the need for fresh water is increasing. Water desalination is a mean for producing fresh water from saline water abundant in seas and oceans and recently attracted increased attention at various parts of the...